Which disorder involves an involuntary muscle spasm in response to attempted sexual penetration?

• A. Dyspareunia
• B. Vulvodynia
• C. Vaginismus
• D. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Answer: (C)

Vaginismus is characterized by involuntary tightening of the vaginal and pelvic floor muscles in response to the idea or attempt of vaginal penetration. That reflex contraction makes penetration difficult or impossible, and it’s often accompanied by anxiety about sex. This specific involuntary muscle spasm is what sets it apart from other conditions.

Dyspareunia refers to pain during or after intercourse, not necessarily tied to an automatic muscle contraction. Vulvodynia is chronic vulvar pain without an identifiable cause, again not defined by a reflex spasm. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder is the broader category that can include pain with penetration, fear of penetration, and pelvic floor dysfunction, but the classic sign described here—an involuntary pelvic floor contraction in response to penetration attempts—points to vaginismus.