Which condition arises from extracellular volume depletion, reduced renal blood flow, and cellular injury causing altered kidney function?

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Acute kidney injury is a rapid decline in kidney function that often starts with decreased blood flow to the kidneys. When extracellular volume is depleted, the effective circulating volume falls, reducing renal perfusion. If this reduced flow continues, kidney tubular cells can become ischemic and injured, further impairing kidney function. This sequence—volume depletion leading to lower renal blood flow, followed by cellular injury causing altered kidney function—fits the scenario described.

The other conditions don’t match this pattern: intrahepatic obstruction is a liver/biliary issue, Addison disease is an adrenal disorder that can cause volume loss but isn’t defined by this kidney-perfusion/injury sequence, and type 2 diabetes mellitus mainly causes chronic kidney disease over time rather than an acute, perfusion-related injury.